1. Francium – $1 billion

Francium ranks as one of the rarest and most expensive substances on Earth. Found only in trace amounts in uranium and thorium ores, it exists so briefly that collecting a usable sample is nearly impossible. Because of its extreme radioactivity and short half-life—just 22 minutes—scientists can only study it through indirect methods. Despite its high theoretical value of around $1 billion per gram, no one can buy or sell it in practical terms. Its rarity, instability, and scientific curiosity all contribute to its astronomical price.

Image at Poster sample, a sample of the element Francium in the Periodic Table

2. Californium – $27 million

Californium is one of the most expensive man-made elements on Earth. First synthesized in 1950, it is primarily used in nuclear reactors and for neutron-based imaging. Because producing even a microgram requires complex lab work in high-radiation environments, its supply is extremely limited. Despite its high cost—about $27 million per gram—it plays a key role in detecting gold and silver in ores, as well as identifying oil deposits. Its rarity, specialized use, and difficult production all drive its extreme value.

Image at Californium Facts, Symbol, Discovery, Properties, Uses

3. Tritium – $30,000

Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen used in nuclear fusion, watch illumination, and self-powered lighting. It glows naturally, making it valuable in military-grade optics and emergency exit signs. However, since it decays into helium-3 and requires special handling, production is both difficult and costly. As a result, its price can reach up to $30,000 per gram. While not commonly used in daily life, tritium remains important in scientific research and specialized technology.

Image at Tritium

4. Plutonium – $4,000

Plutonium is a powerful radioactive element primarily used in nuclear weapons and reactors. It was first produced during the Manhattan Project and remains heavily regulated worldwide. While dangerous, it also serves as a long-lasting energy source for spacecraft, including NASA missions. Although it costs about $4,000 per gram, its strategic importance far outweighs its commercial use. Due to its toxicity and radioactivity, handling plutonium requires extreme caution and international oversight.

Image at Plutonium-238 Fuel Pellet | The Planetary Society

5. Neptunium – $660

Neptunium is a radioactive metal found as a byproduct in nuclear reactors. Though it was first discovered in 1940, it has limited commercial use. However, researchers study it for potential roles in nuclear batteries and weapons. Priced at around $660 per gram, neptunium remains primarily of scientific interest. Since it’s unstable and highly radioactive, strict regulations govern its handling and transport. Still, its potential in advanced nuclear technologies makes it worth watching.

Image at Poster sample, a sample of the element Neptunium in the Periodic Table

6. Osmium – $400

Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element on Earth. It’s incredibly hard, corrosion-resistant, and used in high-end fountain pen nibs, electrical contacts, and surgical implants. Though rare, it’s not radioactive, which makes it safer to handle than many other expensive elements. Priced at roughly $400 per gram, osmium is sought after for both industrial and luxury applications. Its brilliant bluish sheen and durability also make it attractive to collectors and jewelry designers.

Image at Osmium Facts, Symbol, Discovery, Properties, Uses

7. Rhodium – $260

Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white metal used mainly in catalytic converters for reducing car emissions. It also appears in jewelry and mirrors due to its reflective surface and resistance to corrosion. Despite being a byproduct of platinum and nickel mining, it is highly valuable—costing around $260 per gram. Because of volatile demand and limited supply, its price often fluctuates sharply. Nevertheless, rhodium remains one of the most important metals in clean automotive technology.

Image at Rhodium (Rh) Ore | Minerals, Properties, Formation, Deposits

8. Iridium – $150

Iridium is among the most corrosion-resistant metals known. Found in meteorites and Earth’s crust, it is used in spark plugs, crucibles, and electrical contacts. At around $150 per gram, it’s less expensive than rhodium but still highly prized in industries requiring extreme durability. Its high melting point and density make it ideal for space and high-tech applications. Although rare, iridium’s strength and resilience ensure its continued demand across various fields.

Image at The Many Uses of Iridium – Metalary

9. Technetium – $60

Technetium is the first element created artificially. It’s mostly used in medical imaging, particularly in radiopharmaceuticals for scanning organs. While slightly radioactive, it has a manageable half-life, making it safe under controlled conditions. Priced around $60 per gram, technetium is relatively affordable compared to other radioactive elements. Still, it’s only produced in nuclear reactors, which limits its availability. As medical diagnostics evolve, technetium remains essential in modern healthcare.

Image at Technetium Facts, Symbol, Discovery, Properties, Uses

10. Gold – $56

Gold is one of the most well-known and widely used precious metals. Highly malleable and resistant to corrosion, it serves in everything from jewelry and electronics to finance and medicine. Although no longer rare, it still holds symbolic and economic power across cultures. At about $56 per gram, gold offers both beauty and utility. Unlike many elements on this list, it’s easily accessible and has a long history of trade and craftsmanship.

Image at Why is Gold So Valuable? Exploring Its Origins and History – Matheus Fine Watches & Jewelry

This top list shows the top 10 most expensive precious metals (highest known price per gram).